Gazaryan G.S., Grechko E.A. Formation of modern value chains in clothing production: geographical aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2023-4-1Keywords:
clothing production, global value chains, geographical structure of production, formation of clothing costs, clothing tradeAbstract
The study focuses on countries‘ participation in global value chains (GVCs) in clothing production. Special attention is given to the creation of value in the clothing industry across various stages of GVCs. It also explores the distribution of specific operations and agents worldwide, highlighting the differences in participation among countries and regions at each stage. In the production of low-cost clothing, the countries of Southeast Asia, Turkey, India, and China stand out, and the non-production stage (design, branding) is confined to the countries where brand-owning companies are based, for example, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the USA. Digitalization and sustainable development are new factors considered in changing value chains, resulting in an increased number of participants from previously disadvantaged countries and a bigger market share of them. Under the influence of the concept of sustainable development, the share of the clothing market made from recycled or environmentally friendly raw materials is increasing: countries that previously did not have competitive advantages in this industry are being involved in the value chain, for example, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Israel (creation of recycled synthetic raw materials); Uruguay, Argentina and South Africa (eco-wool), China and India (eco-cotton). The development of e-commerce leads to a shift in value generation from countries hosting retail stores to countries where the largest warehouses of companies and online stores, as well as offices of transport companies, are located. Keywords: clothing production, global value chains, geographical structure of production, formation of clothing costs, clothing trade.
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